https://imcjms.com/public Ibrahim Medical College Journal of Medical Science https://imcjms.com/public/registration/journal_full_text/254 Wed, 12 Jul 2017 08:47:53 +0000 Coronary arteay disease (CAD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developed as well as developing countries like Bangladesh. In this study, the status of serum apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-1) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels were assessed in Bangladeshi patients with coronary artery diseases. The mean age of total study population was 51.4 ± 10.8 years while the mean age of the patients and control was 51.3 ± 10.9 and 51.4 ± 10.9 years respectively. The study revealed significant alteration of serum Apo A-I level and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in patients with CAD compared to those without CAD. Further large-scale study is needed to evaluate the exact influence of apolipoproteins on coronary artery disease in Bengali ethnic population. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 31-33     Cardiovascular disease is an important health problem in Bangladesh. Studies in Bangladesh reported the prevalence of hypertension as 11, rheumatic fever and heart disease as 7.5 and ischemic heart disease as 3.3 per thousand Bangladeshi populations.1,2 Another study conducted among five hundred rural people of Bangladesh reported the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases as 4.6%.3 Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported as the leading cause of death in Bangladesh in the 4th decade of life.4 The prevalence of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in Bangladesh and other developing countries are gradually increasing due to rapid urbanization, migration of people from village to the cities, change in life style and food habits. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking and family history of ischemic heart disease are some established risk factors for coronary artery disease. Now a days, altered triglycerides, low and high density lipoproteins (LDL, HDL), total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B are considered as risk factors for coronary artery disease. In light of the above, the present study was undertaken to determine the blood levels of apolipoproteins in Bangladeshi patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology The study population was recruited from University Cardiac Centre, Bangabandhu Seikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from April, 2005 to June, 2005. Fifty consecutive patients with coronary artery disease, documented by coronary angiogram (CAG), were included in the study. Patients with valvular and congenital heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were excluded. Fifty individuals of similar age and sex having no electrocardiographic or CAG evidence of coronary artery disease were included as control. Collection of blood samples and estimation of apolipoproteins   The research protocol was approved by the Thesis committee. The aims and objectives of the study along with its diagnostic procedures were explained to the patients/attendants of the patients in easy understandable language and then informed written consent was obtained from each participant. The collected data were computed and analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. The difference between groups was evaluated by student’s t test. Total 100 participants were enrolled in the study. Among them, 50 were cases admitted in CCU of BSMMU had demonstrable coronary artery disease on coronary angiogram and 50 were controls with ETT negative and/or normal CAG. The mean age of the total studied population was 51.4 ± 10.8 years. The mean age of control group was 51.3 ±10.9 years and that of case was 51.40 ±10.9 years. There was no statistically significant mean age difference between the two groups (p=0.987). Highest number of participants was within 45 - 54 years age range (40%) in both groups. The male female distribution was equal in both groups (40 vs 10). Table-1: The levels of apolipoproteins  AL and B study population. Apolipoproteins     The objective of the present study was to find out the status of serum apolipoprotein B and A1 levels in Bangladeshi ethnic patients with coronary artery disease. These markers are considered as potential risk factors associated with CAD. Determination and monitoring of these markers would therefore help in better management of CAD. We have found significantly raised mean Apo B level in patients with CAD compared to our control group. The ratio of Apo B to Apo AI is also found to be significantly raised from control group ( 1.25 vs 0.95). It has been reported over the last several years that assessment of serum Apo B, Apo AI and their ratio are better markers of CAD than LDL cholesterol. In 2004, the global INTERHEART study of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in 52 countries demonstrated that raised Apo B/A-I ratio was the most important risk factor in all geographic regions.9 Similar observation was also reported by CARDS study involving type 2 diabetes patients.10,11 The mean level of Apo A-I in CAD patients was significantly lower than that of control group. Similar observation was also reported by other.12 It is to be noted that the levels of serum apolipoproteins seem to be lower in Indian population as compared to those reported from the West.8   1.    Malik A. Congenital and acquired heart disease. A survey of 7062 persons. Bangladesh Med Res Coun Bull 1976; 2: 116. 3.    Ullah A and Barman A. Coronary Heart disease and food. Bangladesh Heart Journal 1991; 6: 12-14. 5.    Cerne D, Ledinski G, Kager G and Greilberger J. Comparison of laboratory parameters as risk factors for the presence and the extent of coronary or carotid atherosclerosis: the significance of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein all ratio. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 38(6): 529-38. 7.    Reinhart RA, Gani K, Arndt MR, Broste SK. Apolipoproteins A-I and B as predictors of angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150(8):1629-33. 9.    Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004; 364: 937-952. 11.  Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al; CARDS investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 685-696. 2026 Ibrahim Medical College. All rights reserved.